python学习手册15 文档-白红宇

点击(此处)折叠或打开

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf8 -*-

python文档资源

形式角色

#注释文件中的文档

dir函数对象中可用属性的列表

文档字符串:__doc__ 附加在对象上的文件中的文档

PyDoc:help函数对象的交互帮助

PyDoc:HTML函数浏览器中的模块文档

标准手册正式的语言和库的说明

网站资源在线教程,例子等

出版的书籍商业参考书籍

import sys

import __future__

#查看sys的属性

print(dir(sys))

print('================')

#查看future的属性

print(dir(__future__))

#查看列表属性

print(dir([]))

print(dir([]) == dir(list))

#查看字符串属性

print(dir(''))

print(dir('') == dir(str))

#文档字符串:__doc__

#这类注释是写成字符串,放在模块文件,函数以及类语句的顶端python会自动封装这个字符串,使其成为__doc__属性.

文档内容

import t14

print(t14.__doc__)

print(sys.__doc__)

print(sys.getrefcount.__doc__)

print(int.__doc__)

print(map.__doc__)

#PyDoc:help函数

#PyDoc是python程序代码,提取文档字符串,help函数会启动pydoc产生报表

print('=============================')

help(sys.getrefcount)

help(sys)

#Pydoc:html报表

#标准手册集

点击(此处)折叠或打开

/usr/bin/python2.7 /home/talen/PycharmProjects/untitled/t15.py

['__displayhook__', '__doc__', '__excepthook__', '__name__', '__package__', '__stderr__', '__stdin__', '__stdout__', '_clear_type_cache', '_current_frames', '_debugmallocstats', '_getframe', '_mercurial', 'api_version', 'argv', 'builtin_module_names', 'byteorder', 'call_tracing', 'callstats', 'copyright', 'displayhook', 'dont_write_bytecode', 'exc_clear', 'exc_info', 'exc_type', 'excepthook', 'exec_prefix', 'executable', 'exit', 'flags', 'float_info', 'float_repr_style', 'getcheckinterval', 'getdefaultencoding', 'getdlopenflags', 'getfilesystemencoding', 'getprofile', 'getrecursionlimit', 'getrefcount', 'getsizeof', 'gettrace', 'hexversion', 'long_info', 'maxint', 'maxsize', 'maxunicode', 'meta_path', 'modules', 'path', 'path_hooks', 'path_importer_cache', 'platform', 'prefix', 'py3kwarning', 'pydebug', 'setcheckinterval', 'setdlopenflags', 'setprofile', 'setrecursionlimit', 'settrace', 'stderr', 'stdin', 'stdout', 'subversion', 'version', 'version_info', 'warnoptions']

================

['CO_FUTURE_ABSOLUTE_IMPORT', 'CO_FUTURE_DIVISION', 'CO_FUTURE_PRINT_FUNCTION', 'CO_FUTURE_UNICODE_LITERALS', 'CO_FUTURE_WITH_STATEMENT', 'CO_GENERATOR_ALLOWED', 'CO_NESTED', '_Feature', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', 'absolute_import', 'all_feature_names', 'division', 'generators', 'nested_scopes', 'print_function', 'unicode_literals', 'with_statement']

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__delslice__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__setslice__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

True

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser', 'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']

True

#!/usr/bin/env python

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

from __future__ import print_function

#!/USR/BIN/ENV PYTHON

#-*- CODING:UTF8 -*-

FROM __FUTURE__ IMPORT PRINT_FUNCTION

#!/usr/bin/env python

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

from __future__ import print_function

True

#!/usr/bin/env python

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

1 2 3 1_2_3_a : 1

c : 3

b : 2

a => 1

c => 3

b => 2

['a', 'c', 'b']

[(0, 't'), (1, 'a'), (2, 'l'), (3, 'e'), (4, 'n')]

[11, 12, 13, 14]

['#!/usr/bin/env python\n', '#-*- coding:utf8 -*-\n', 'from __future__ import print_function\n', '\n']

['#!/usr/bin/env python', '#-*- coding:utf8 -*-', 'from __future__ import print_function', '']

['#!/usr/bin/env python', '#-*- coding:utf8 -*-', 'from __future__ import print_function', '']

['#!/USR/BIN/ENV PYTHON\n', '#-*- CODING:UTF8 -*-\n', 'FROM __FUTURE__ IMPORT PRINT_FUNCTION\n', '\n']

['#!/USR/BIN/ENV PYTHON', '#-*- CODING:UTF8 -*-', 'FROM __FUTURE__ IMPORT PRINT_FUNCTION', '']

[['#!/usr/bin/env', 'python'], ['#-*-', 'coding:utf8', '-*-'], ['from', '__future__', 'import', 'print_function'], []]

['#!/usr/bin/env!python\n', '#-*-!coding:utf8!-*-\n', 'from!__future__!import!print_function\n', '\n']

[(False, '#'), (False, '#'), (False, 'f'), (False, '\n')]

['#!/usr/bin/env python', '#-*- coding:utf8 -*-']

['a1', 'a2', 'a3', 'b1', 'b2', 'b3', 'c1', 'c2', 'c3']

False

False

文档内容

This module provides access to some objects used or maintained by the

interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.

Dynamic objects:

argv -- command line arguments; argv[0] is the script pathname if known

path -- module search path; path[0] is the script directory, else ''

modules -- dictionary of loaded modules

displayhook -- called to show results in an interactive session

excepthook -- called to handle any uncaught exception other than SystemExit

To customize printing in an interactive session or to install a custom

top-level exception handler, assign other functions to replace these.

exitfunc -- if sys.exitfunc exists, this routine is called when Python exits

Assigning to sys.exitfunc is deprecated; use the atexit module instead.

stdin -- standard input file object; used by raw_input() and input()

stdout -- standard output file object; used by the print statement

stderr -- standard error object; used for error messages

By assigning other file objects (or objects that behave like files)

to these, it is possible to redirect all of the interpreter's I/O.

last_type -- type of last uncaught exception

last_value -- value of last uncaught exception

last_traceback -- traceback of last uncaught exception

These three are only available in an interactive session after a

traceback has been printed.

exc_type -- type of exception currently being handled

exc_value -- value of exception currently being handled

exc_traceback -- traceback of exception currently being handled

The function exc_info() should be used instead of these three,

because it is thread-safe.

Static objects:

float_info -- a dict with information about the float inplementation.

long_info -- a struct sequence with information about the long implementation.

maxint -- the largest supported integer (the smallest is -maxint-1)

maxsize -- the largest supported length of containers.

maxunicode -- the largest supported character

builtin_module_names -- tuple of module names built into this interpreter

version -- the version of this interpreter as a string

version_info -- version information as a named tuple

hexversion -- version information encoded as a single integer

platform -- platform identifier

executable -- absolute path of the executable binary of the Python interpreter

prefix -- prefix used to find the Python library

exec_prefix -- prefix used to find the machine-specific Python library

float_repr_style -- string indicating the style of repr() output for floats

__stdin__ -- the original stdin; don't

__stdout__ -- the original stdout; don't touch!

__stderr__ -- the original stderr; don't

__displayhook__ -- the original displayhook; don't touch!

__excepthook__ -- the original excepthook; don't

Functions:

displayhook() -- print an object to the screen, and save it in __builtin__._

excepthook() -- print an exception and its traceback to sys.stderr

exc_info() -- return thread-safe information about the current exception

exc_clear() -- clear the exception state for the current thread

exit() -- exit the interpreter by raising SystemExit

getdlopenflags() -- returns flags to be used for dlopen() calls

getprofile() -- get the global profiling function

getrefcount() -- return the reference count for an object (plus one :-)

getrecursionlimit() -- return the max recursion depth for the interpreter

getsizeof() -- return the size of an object in bytes

gettrace() -- get the global debug tracing function

setcheckinterval() -- control how often the interpreter checks for events

setdlopenflags() -- set the flags to be used for dlopen() calls

setprofile() -- set the global profiling function

setrecursionlimit() -- set the max recursion depth for the interpreter

settrace() -- set the global debug tracing function

getrefcount(object) -> integer

Return the reference count of object. The count returned is generally

one higher than you might expect, because it includes the (temporary)

reference as an argument to getrefcount().

int(x=0) -> int or long

int(x, base=10) -> int or long

Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments

are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.

If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.

If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or

Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The

literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.

The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to

interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.

>>> int('0b100', base=0)

map(function, sequence[, sequence, ...]) -> list

Return a list of the results of applying the function to the items of

the argument sequence(s). If more than one sequence is given, the

function is called with an argument list consisting of the corresponding

item of each sequence, substituting None for missing values when not all

sequences have the same length. If the function is None, return a list of

the items of the sequence (or a list of tuples if more than one sequence).

=============================

Help on built-in function getrefcount in module sys:

getrefcount(...)

getrefcount(object) -> integer

Return the reference count of object. The count returned is generally

one higher than you might expect, because it includes the (temporary)

reference as an argument to getrefcount().

Help on built-in module sys:

NAME

FILE

(built-in)

MODULE DOCS

http://docs.python.org/library/sys

DESCRIPTION

This module provides access to some objects used or maintained by the

interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.

Dynamic objects:

argv -- command line arguments; argv[0] is the script pathname if known

path -- module search path; path[0] is the script directory, else ''

modules -- dictionary of loaded modules

displayhook -- called to show results in an interactive session

excepthook -- called to handle any uncaught exception other than SystemExit

To customize printing in an interactive session or to install a custom

top-level exception handler, assign other functions to replace these.

exitfunc -- if sys.exitfunc exists, this routine is called when Python exits

Assigning to sys.exitfunc is deprecated; use the atexit module instead.

stdin -- standard input file object; used by raw_input() and input()

stdout -- standard output file object; used by the print statement

stderr -- standard error object; used for error messages

By assigning other file objects (or objects that behave like files)

to these, it is possible to redirect all of the interpreter's I/O.

last_type -- type of last uncaught exception

last_value -- value of last uncaught exception

last_traceback -- traceback of last uncaught exception

These three are only available in an interactive session after a

traceback has been printed.

exc_type -- type of exception currently being handled

exc_value -- value of exception currently being handled

exc_traceback -- traceback of exception currently being handled

The function exc_info() should be used instead of these three,

because it is thread-safe.

Static objects:

float_info -- a dict with information about the float inplementation.

long_info -- a struct sequence with information about the long implementation.

maxint -- the largest supported integer (the smallest is -maxint-1)

maxsize -- the largest supported length of containers.

maxunicode -- the largest supported character

builtin_module_names -- tuple of module names built into this interpreter

version -- the version of this interpreter as a string

version_info -- version information as a named tuple

hexversion -- version information encoded as a single integer

platform -- platform identifier

executable -- absolute path of the executable binary of the Python interpreter

prefix -- prefix used to find the Python library

exec_prefix -- prefix used to find the machine-specific Python library

float_repr_style -- string indicating the style of repr() output for floats

__stdin__ -- the original stdin; don't

__stdout__ -- the original stdout; don't touch!

__stderr__ -- the original stderr; don't

__displayhook__ -- the original displayhook; don't touch!

__excepthook__ -- the original excepthook; don't

Functions:

displayhook() -- print an object to the screen, and save it in __builtin__._

excepthook() -- print an exception and its traceback to sys.stderr

exc_info() -- return thread-safe information about the current exception

exc_clear() -- clear the exception state for the current thread

exit() -- exit the interpreter by raising SystemExit

getdlopenflags() -- returns flags to be used for dlopen() calls

getprofile() -- get the global profiling function

getrefcount() -- return the reference count for an object (plus one :-)

getrecursionlimit() -- return the max recursion depth for the interpreter

getsizeof() -- return the size of an object in bytes

gettrace() -- get the global debug tracing function

setcheckinterval() -- control how often the interpreter checks for events

setdlopenflags() -- set the flags to be used for dlopen() calls

setprofile() -- set the global profiling function

setrecursionlimit() -- set the max recursion depth for the interpreter

settrace() -- set the global debug tracing function

FUNCTIONS

__displayhook__ = displayhook(...)

displayhook(object) -> None

Print an object to sys.stdout and also save it in __builtin__._

__excepthook__ = excepthook(...)

excepthook(exctype, value, traceback) -> None

Handle an exception by displaying it with a traceback on sys.stderr.

call_tracing(...)

call_tracing(func, args) -> object

Call func(*args), while tracing is enabled. The tracing state is

saved, and restored afterwards. This is intended to be called from

a debugger from a checkpoint, to recursively debug some other code.

callstats(...)

callstats() -> tuple of integers

Return a tuple of function call statistics, if CALL_PROFILE was defined

when Python was built. Otherwise, return None.

When enabled, this function returns detailed, implementation-specific

details about the number of function calls executed. The return value is

a 11-tuple where the entries in the tuple are counts of:

0. all function calls

1. calls to PyFunction_Type objects

2. PyFunction calls that do not create an argument tuple

3. PyFunction calls that do not create an argument tuple

and bypass PyEval_EvalCodeEx()

4. PyMethod calls

5. PyMethod calls on bound methods

6. PyType calls

7. PyCFunction calls

8. generator calls

9. All other calls

10. Number of stack pops performed by call_function()

displayhook(...)

displayhook(object) -> None

Print an object to sys.stdout and also save it in __builtin__._

exc_clear(...)

exc_clear() -> None

Clear global information on the current exception. Subsequent calls to

exc_info() will return (None,None,None) until another exception is raised

in the current thread or the execution stack returns to a frame where

another exception is being handled.

exc_info(...)

exc_info() -> (type, value, traceback)

Return information about the most recent exception caught by an except

clause in the current stack frame or in an older stack frame.

excepthook(...)

excepthook(exctype, value, traceback) -> None

Handle an exception by displaying it with a traceback on sys.stderr.

exit(...)

exit([status])

Exit the interpreter by raising SystemExit(status).

If the status is omitted or None, it defaults to zero (i.e., success).

If the status is an integer, it will be used as the system exit status.

If it is another kind of object, it will be printed and the system

exit status will be one (i.e., failure).

getcheckinterval(...)

getcheckinterval() -> current check interval; see setcheckinterval().

getdefaultencoding(...)

getdefaultencoding() -> string

Return the current default string encoding used by the Unicode

implementation.

getdlopenflags(...)

getdlopenflags() -> int

Return the current value of the flags that are used for dlopen calls.

The flag constants are defined in the ctypes and DLFCN modules.

getfilesystemencoding(...)

getfilesystemencoding() -> string

Return the encoding used to convert Unicode filenames in

operating system filenames.

getprofile(...)

getprofile()

Return the profiling function set with sys.setprofile.

See the profiler chapter in the library manual.

getrecursionlimit(...)

getrecursionlimit()

Return the current value of the recursion limit, the maximum depth

of the Python interpreter stack. This limit prevents infinite

recursion from causing an overflow of the C stack and crashing Python.

getrefcount(...)

getrefcount(object) -> integer

Return the reference count of object. The count returned is generally

one higher than you might expect, because it includes the (temporary)

reference as an argument to getrefcount().

getsizeof(...)

getsizeof(object, default) -> int

Return the size of object in bytes.

gettrace(...)

gettrace()

Return the global debug tracing function set with sys.settrace.

See the debugger chapter in the library manual.

setcheckinterval(...)

setcheckinterval(n)

Tell the Python interpreter to check for asynchronous events every

n instructions. This also affects how often thread switches occur.

setdlopenflags(...)

setdlopenflags(n) -> None

Set the flags used by the interpreter for dlopen calls, such as when the

interpreter loads extension modules. Among other things, this will enable

a lazy resolving of symbols when importing a module, if called as

sys.setdlopenflags(0). To share symbols across extension modules, call as

sys.setdlopenflags(ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL). Symbolic names for the flag modules

can be either found in the ctypes module, or in the DLFCN module. If DLFCN

is not available, it can be generated from /usr/include/dlfcn.h using the

h2py script.

setprofile(...)

setprofile(function)

Set the profiling function. It will be called on each function call

and return. See the profiler chapter in the library manual.

setrecursionlimit(...)

setrecursionlimit(n)

Set the maximum depth of the Python interpreter stack to n. This

limit prevents infinite recursion from causing an overflow of the C

stack and crashing Python. The highest possible limit is platform-

dependent.

settrace(...)

settrace(function)

Set the global debug tracing function. It will be called on each

function call. See the debugger chapter in the library manual.

DATA

__stderr__ = open file '', mode 'w'>

__stdin__ = open file '', mode 'r'>

__stdout__ = open file '', mode 'w'>

api_version = 1013

argv = ['/home/talen/PycharmProjects/untitled/t15.py']

builtin_module_names = ('__builtin__', '__main__', '_ast', '_codecs', ...

byteorder = 'little'

dont_write_bytecode = False

exc_value = TypeError("' (built-in)> is a built-in module"...

exec_prefix = '/usr'

executable = '/usr/bin/python2.7'

flags = sys.flags(debug=0, py3k_warning=0, division_warn...unicode=0, ...

float_info = sys.float_info(max=1.7976931348623157e+308, max_...epsilo...

float_repr_style = 'short'

hexversion = 34015984

long_info = sys.long_info(bits_per_digit=30, sizeof_digit=4)

maxint = 9223372036854775807

maxsize = 9223372036854775807

maxunicode = 1114111

meta_path = []

modules = {'UserDict': UserDict' from '/usr/lib64/python2.7/U...

path = ['/home/talen/PycharmProjects/untitled', '/home/talen/PycharmPr...

path_hooks = [.zipimporter'>]

path_importer_cache = {'/home/talen/PycharmProjects/untitled': None, '...

platform = 'linux2'

prefix = '/usr'

py3kwarning = False

pydebug = False

stderr = open file '', mode 'w'>

stdin = open file '', mode 'r'>

stdout = open file '', mode 'w'>

subversion = ('CPython', '', '')

version =